![]() ![]() Ĭentral to landscape is the role of the spectator. In the case of direct observation, landscapes require a beholder to set the parameters of scope, depth and details within the vista. ![]() Scape refers to a view of any scenery and thus does not always refer to a portion of the earth but can include interior architectural spaces and, increasingly, virtual digital (cyber)spaces. Other scapes include dreamscapes, seascapes, townscapes, roofscapes, moonscapes and cityscapes. These scapes serve as environmental media that envelop the observer. Scape can also be used to describe the impression or quality of a thing or action. The suffix ‘scape' in ‘landscape” posits the presence of a unifying principle which positions one view, a bounded landscape, as representative of the larger environment or entire landscape. The word landscape first appeared printed in English in 1603 and has origins in Middle Dutch ( landscap ) meaning region, German ( landschaft ) and Old Norse ( landskap ). A previous formation in English was landskip. Also note that the suffix –ship is closely tied to –schaft meaning constitution, condition or shape. 2) the branch of painting, photography, etc, dealing with such pictures 3) a view, prospect or vista of scenery or tract of land with its distinguishing characteristics either natural and/or man made. As verb, landscape is: 4) the act of shaping land so as to make it more attractive or useful. Weekley, Ernest, An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, London, 1921.Īs noun, landscape is: 1) a picture, sketch, etching, photograph, map or other representation of inland scenery, as of prairie, woodland, mountains, etc. Tuan, Yi-Fu, Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience, Minnesota, 1977. Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, The Railway Journey, Berkeley, California, 1977. Meyrowitz, Joshua, No Sense of Place: The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior, New York, 1985. Mitchell, W.J.T., (ed.), Landscape and Power, Chicago, 1994. Mitchell, William J., City of Bits, Cambridge, Mass, 1995. McLuhan, Marshall, Understanding Media, New York, 1964. Hall, Lee, Olmsted's America, Boston, 1995. ![]() (ed.), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, Edinburgh, 1988.Ĭampanella, Thomas J., Cities from the Sky, New York, 2001.Ĭonzen, Michael, (ed.), The Making of the American Landscape, London, 1990.ĭaniels, Stephen, "The Politics of Landscape in European Art," in The Bulfinch Guide to Art History, West, Shearer, (ed.), Boston, 1996. We stopped on the mountain pass to admire the scenery.Adams, Ann, "Competing Communities in the 'Great Bog of Europe'-Identity and Seventeenth-Century Dutch Landscape Paining," from: Mitchell, W.J.T., (ed.), Landscape and Power, Chicago, 1994.Īdams, Steven & Robins, Anna Gruetzner, Gendering Landscape Art, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000.Īppleton, Jay, The Experience of Landscape, London, 1975.īarnhart, Robert K.Scenery the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, especially when these are attractive to look at: Many younger people are leaving the land to find work in the cities.land (usually the land) the countryside the way people live in the country as opposed to in towns and cities: Terrain is used when you are describing the natural features of an area, for example if it is rough, flat, etc: The truck bumped its way over the rough terrain. Countryside is usually used when you are talking about the beauty or peacefulness of a country area: a little village in the French countryside. This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape.Ĭountryside land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods and farms.Landscape everything that you can see when you look across a large area of land, especially in the country: country (often the country) an area that is away from towns and cities, especially one with particular natural features: Synonyms country country landscape ▪ countryside ▪ terrain ▪ land ▪ scenery These are all words for areas away from towns and cities, with fields, woods and farms. ![]()
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